Everything about The Charter Of 1830 totally explained
The
Charter of 1830 instigated the
July Monarchy in
France. It was considered a compromise between constitutionalists and republicans.
History
After three days of protests in July 1830 – the
July Revolution, also called the "Three Glorious" (
les trois glorieuses) – by the merchant
bourgeoisie, who were outraged to be ousted from the limited voters list,
Charles X of France was forced to abdicate. Charles X's chosen successor was his young grandson,
Henri, comte de Chambord (1820 – 1883), but Henri never received the throne. The line of natural hereditary succession was abolished and a member of the cadet
Orleans line of the Bourbon family was chosen:
Louis Philippe of France.
On August 7 the
Charter of 1814 was revised, and its preambule evoking the
ancien régime was eliminated. When voted on in the Chamber it was passed by 246 votes to 12. The new charter was imposed on the king by the nation and not promulgated by the king. On August 9 1830, Louis-Philippe d'Orléans swore to uphold the Charter and was crowned "King of the French" (
roi des François), and not "King of France" (
roi de France). The "July Monarchy" was to last until
24 February,
1848 when the
Second Republic was established.
Constitutional provisions
The Charter of 1830 removed from the king the power to instigate legislation; royal
ordinances were henceforth to concern only the application of laws. Hereditary peerage was eliminated, but not the institution of peerage. The
census suffrage system was modified and the
poll tax (
cens) was reduced to 200 francs permitting individuals 25 years old or older to vote, and to 500 francs for individuals 30 years old or older to be elected to the
Chamber of Deputies. The law of the Double vote was abolished, and the number of electors was thus doubled, without nevertheless significantly increasing the size or characteristics of the electoral body: 1 out of 170 Frenchmen participate in the elections with the electorate at 170,000 which increased to 240,000 by 1846.
Catholicism was no longer the
state religion, but only the "religion professed by the majority of the French", censorship of the press was abolished, and the
French tricolor flag was reinstated.
Further Information
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